2021年6月29日，中华国际文凭学校协会（CISA）推出主题为《MYP课程的实施分享》线上公益讲座。本次讲座邀请到CISA协会发起学校之一的深圳外国语学校国际部（SWIS）中学项目协调员伍春兰(Vera)围绕IBMYP的书面课程、教学课程和评估课程等方面分享SWIS的实施经验。

On June 29th,2021, the Chong Wa International Baccalaureate Schools Association(CISA) launched an online public seminar on “MYP Curriculum Implementation”. Vera Wu, the MYP Coordinator of Shen Wai International School (SWIS), was invited to share the practical experiences at SWIS. SWIS is one of the CISA founding schools. The topics discussed focus on SWIS's implementation experience around the written, taught and assessed curriculum of the IB MYP.

 

一．IB教育的关键要素 Four key elements of IB Education

《什么是国际文凭教育？》探讨了国际文凭教育的四个基础和相互关联的要素，这四个要素分别是国际情怀、国际文凭学习者培养目标、学科广泛而平衡，注重对概念的理解和学科之间的联系以及教学方法和学习方法，它们是所有国际文凭项目的核心。

“What is an International Baccalaureate Education?” explores the four foundational and interrelated elements of an IB education: International-mindedness, the IB learner profile, a broad, balanced, conceptual and connected curriculum that are the core of all IB Programmes.

在MYP项目中，这四个关键要素完全融合在整个中学项目中。例如，国际情怀可以体现在学科单元的全球背景教学中，还可以体现在服务与行动、社区设计以及个人设计中。在MYP的实施过程中，学校和老师们需时不时停下来，回到这几个IB教育的关键要素上，时刻反思我们对于这些基本要素的实施情况。

In the MYP, these four key elements are fully integrated throughout the programme. For example, international-mindedness can be reflected in the teaching of global contexts in subject units, as well as in service as action, community project, and the personal project. During implementation of the MYP, schools and teachers need to pause from time to time and go back to these elements of IB education and reflect on to what extent we are implementing these essential elements.

 

二．中学项目连贯一致的课程 A coherent curriculum in the MYP

《从原则和实践》是指导MYP课程实施的重要文件，它明确提出中学项目连贯一致的课程包括三种相互关联的成分：书面课程、教学课程和评估课程。在中学项目的课程模式中，这三个课程具有相同的价值。在图中，双向箭头指明，对学校的书面课程、评估课程与教学课程的发展、实施和检查是一个整体的过程。

MYP: From Principles and Practice, a key document guiding the implementation of the MYP curriculum, makes clear that a coherent curriculum for MYP programs includes three interrelated components: written curriculum, taught curriculum, and assessed curriculum. These three curricula are of equal value in the Programme. In the diagram, the two-way arrows indicate that the development, implementation, and examination of the school's written, assessed, and taught curricula is a holistic process.

书面课程是每个学校制定的正式的、综合的和全校性的文件，说明每个年级的每一个学科将教授什么，确定值得学习的内容的框架；教学课程给学生提供学习体验，通过探究和概念式教学，使学生的学习具有目的性；评估课程的制定需要考虑结合书面课程和教学课程，用来评估教学的效果。对于IB中学项目来说，这三种课程之间相辅相承，是连贯一致的。

The written curriculum is a formal, comprehensive and school-wide document developed by each school that describes what will be taught in each subject at each grade level and defines the framework for worthwhile content; the taught curriculum provides students with learning experiences that give purpose to their learning through inquiry and conceptual teaching; and the assessed curriculum is developed with consideration of a combination of the written and taught curriculum which are used to assess teaching and learning. For the IB MYP, these three components complement each other and are coherent and consistent.

 

（一）书面课程 Written Curriculum

《从原则到实践》中对于书面课程的概述包括重大概念、全球背景、学习方法技能和学科组的各项目标。每个学校根据IB的相关要求，都应制定属于自己学校的书面课程。

The overview of the written curriculum in From Principles and Practice includes key concepts, global contexts, ATLs, and subject objectives. Each school is expected to develop its own written curriculum in accordance with the IB requirements.

 

SWIS在2020年11月完成了IB的第一个五年评估认证，经过了这五年的实践摸索，2020-2021这一学年SWIS着力于更新完善中学的书面课程。SWIS的书面课程包括以下四个部分：课程日历、教学大纲、单元目标清单和单元计划。

SWIS has completed its first five years of IB Evaluation in November 2020, and after five years of practice and exploration, SWIS is focusing on updating and improving the written curriculum, which consists of four components: Curriculum Calendar, Scope and Sequence, Standard checklist, and unit plan.

课程日历是每个年级每个学科每个单元大概教什么，在什么时候教；教学大纲是IB要求每个学校必须要有的，包括重大概念、相关概念、探究说明、学习方法、大概的知识/技能等；单元目标清单Standards Checklists是每个单元的知识技能目标；单元计划，就是一个单元的整体设计。以上这四份文件需要分享给学生、家长，以便他们随时查阅。

The Curriculum Calendar is what and when each grade level, each subject, and each unit is taught; Scope and Sequence is required by the IB for each school and includes key concepts, related concepts, statement of inquiry, ATLs, and knowledge/skills; Standards Checklists are the knowledge and skill objectives for each unit; a unit plan is the overall design of a unit. These four documents need to be shared with students and parents so that they can be reviewed at any time.

 

单元目标清单Standards Checklist

为什么要有Standard checklist？我们经常会遇到家长问这样一个问题：你们用的什么教材？我们知道，除了双语学校国家规定必须完成的国家课程内容外，比较少有国际学校会使用一本固定的教材。没有一本合适的固定教材，再加上国际学校外教和中方教师的流动性，怎样才能保证课程的连续性、统一性，以及不同年级之间知识技能的衔接？

Why do we need a standard checklist? As we know, except for the national curriculum that bilingual schools are required to complete, there are few international schools that use a textbook. Without a textbook, and with the instability of Expat and Chinese teachers, how can we ensure the continuity and uniformity of the curriculum and the articulation of knowledge and skills between different grades?

 

SWIS参考美国的Common Core Standards和英国、澳大利亚等国家的其他课程体系标准，中学的每个学科每个单元都制定好了单元目标，有了这些知识技能目标，不论哪个老师教授，或者即使改变单元的学习材料，也能够保证这些知识技能目标不变，因此就能确保课程的连续性和统一性。

SWIS refers to the Common Core Standards from the United States along with standards from countries such as the UK and Australia to make the standard checklist for each unit. With the standard checklists, no matter which teacher teaches the subject, or even if the learning materials of the unit are changed, it ensures the knowledge and skills objectives remain unchanged, thus there will always be continuity and uniformity of the curriculum.

 

（二）教学课程 Taught curriculum

教学课程涉及到的是教与学，是提供给学生的学习体验，这里面包含的内容非常广泛。在《从原则到实践》中对教学课程提到了这些内容：学习目标、联系已有知识和现在的理解、探究式学习、概念性理解以及跨学科学习。这些都是非常大而泛的理念或理论，每个学校根据学校的自身特别，具体实施情况会有所不同。

The taught curriculum is about teaching and learning, and it contains a wide range of components. These are mentioned in From Principles to Practice for the teaching and learning curriculum: learning goals, connecting prior knowledge and present understanding, inquiry-based learning, conceptual understanding, and interdisciplinary learning. These are all very big and broad ideas or theories, and the specific implementation will vary from school to school, depending on the school's own particulars.

 

SWIS教学原则 Teaching and learning principles at SWIS

基于IB对教学课程的要求，SWIS中学部制定了一系列的教学原则，首先是学习环境需要照顾到所有的学生，让学生处于一种放松安全的学习环境中学习；然后学习应该是真实的，联系学生的内心需求，能够让学生积极参加；通过差异化教学，教学应该能够激励学生充分发挥其潜能；教学要围绕学习方法技能，培养学生的终身学习能力；教学需基于概念和探究进行；学习还应该是一个不断进行反思的过程。

Based on the IB requirements for teaching and learning, the SWIS Secondary Division has developed a set of teaching and learning principles, the first of which is that the learning environment needs to be accommodating to all students, allowing students to learn in a safe learning environment; learning should be authentic, connected to students' inter-connected world, and able to engage students actively; teaching should motivate students to reach their full potential through differentiation; teaching should be based around ATLs and developing lifelong learning skills; teaching must be based on concepts and inquiry; teaching should also include a continuous reflection process. Teaching should be centered on learning methodological skills and developing students' lifelong learning skills.

 

相互学习Learning Walks

为了加强老师之间教与学的相互学习和交流，SWIS鼓励老师们进入其他老师的课堂进行观察学习。建议老师们在设计教学时可以有不同的侧重点，如差异化教学、学生分组、可视化教学成果、以学生为中心、联系现实世界、使用高阶指令术语等。学科老师之间这种直观的看课交流学习分享，对于如何提高教学具有非常好的促进作用。

To enhance teaching and learning among teachers, SWIS encourages teachers to enter other teachers' classrooms for observation and learning. Teachers are recommended to plan with different emphases, such as differentiation, student grouping, visible outcomes, student-centeredness, connecting to the real world, and using high-order command terms. This visual exchange of learning walks among subject teachers did help to improve teaching through the sharing of best practices.

 

基于概念的单元教学设计 Concept-based teaching plan

基于概念的单元教学，这个话题近几年来非常受欢迎，也是一个非常大的话题。概念教学并不只是单纯地学习概念，它需要把概念融入到具体的单元知识、技能的教学当中，因此概念教学跟单元的单元目标、知识、技能以及评估密切联系，缺一不可。

The topic of concept-based teaching has become very popular in recent years. Concept-based teaching is not just about learning concepts; it requires the integration of concepts into the teaching of specific unit knowledge and skills, which is closely linked to the unit objectives, knowledge, skills, and assessments.

在设计单元时老师们需要先确定一个单元的目标，重大概念和相关概念，全球背景以及探究说明。

When designing a unit educators must first identify a unit's objectives, key and related concepts, global context, and statement of inquiry.

在明确了单元的探究方向后，接下来马上要做的是设想单元的总结性评估，概念需要被融合在综合性的评估当中。

After defining the direction of inquiry for the unit, the next immediate step is to envision a summative assessment for the unit, where concepts are integrated into the summative assessment.

单元最终的总结性评估确定之后，老师需要分解这个综合性评估，看学生需要一步步从哪些方面如何完成这个最后评估。

Once the final summative assessment for the unit is determined, we need to break down the comprehensive assessment and see what students need to do step by step to complete the final assessment.

我们老师需要设计一系列的形成性评估和活动，这些形成性的评估和活动仍然是围绕概念来进行的，这样一步步为学生搭好脚手架，最后走向总结性评估。这样一整个单元的设计都是围绕着概念进行，通过这一单元的学习，学生对于这个单元的概念一定会有较深的理解。

Teachers work to design a series of formative assessments and activities that are centered around the concepts, so that they can scaffold the students step-by-step learning toward the summative assessment. In this way an entire unit is designed based on the concepts, and through structured lesson activities, students will have a deeper understanding of the concepts in the unit.

 

（三）评估课程 Assessed curriculum

《项目的标准与实施细则》中指出，评估课程是用来反馈改进学习、教学和评估的，评估形式需多种多样，评估重点是学生对概念的学习和理解，然后需要做到评估标准化。每个学校应该根据IB对于评估的要求，制定好属于自己学校的评估政策。

Programme Standards and Practices states that assessed curriculum are used to provide feedback to improve learning, teaching, and future assessment. Assessment should be varied, needs to focus on student learning and understanding of concepts, must be standardized. Each school is expected to develop its own assessment policy based on the IB's requirements for assessment.

中学项目的老师们在设计评估，尤其是单元的总结性评估时，需要考虑诸多方面，例如评估什么？怎么评估？什么时候进行评估？总结性评估如何紧密联系单元探究说明，体现学生对概念的理解？评估要怎样做到真实性和有效性？怎么进行标准化评分？什么时候进行？针对评估结果老师和学生应该如何反思，何时反思等等。

MYP Teachers need to consider many aspects when designing assessments, especially summative assessments for units, such as what to assess? How to assess? How closely does the summative assessment relate to the unit's inquiry statement and reflect students' understanding of the concept? How can assessment be made authentic and valid? How and when can standardization be done? How and when should teachers and students reflect on the results of the assessment?

 

真实有效的评估 Authentic learning assessment

如何能够提高学生对学习的兴趣与积极性？如果评估能够提供学生真实情境，让学生联系实际，置身于现实世界进行探究思考，这样的评估才会让学生更有参与感。大家熟知的GRASPS是不错的选择，以8年级设计课的一个单元评估为例，首先有一个需达到的明确目标（G）——你希望你自己设计的模型能够被批准在商店里展示；学生的身份（R）不再是学生，他们摇身一变，成为了一名设计师，并且希望在宜家学校获得一个实习的机会；而来自宜家的大BOSS们是他们这次评估展示的对象（A）；评估活动的背景(S)是宜家学校要求一批年轻设计师们展示他们设计的一款游戏，或者游戏空间、玩具、家具等。最后的呈现方式(P)是shark tank，这类似于咱们国内的一些创作投资的综艺，邀请一些公司的CEO作为评委。通过这样的评估设计，学生的兴趣与参与度都大大提高了，他们会非常期待最后的展示。

How can we motivate and inspire students to become independent learners? Assessments that provide students with real-life situations where they can relate to the world around them and engage in real-world inquiry and thinking will keep students more engaged. The GRASPS method is a good choice that supports this way of teaching. Take a unit assessment of an 8th grade design class for example. First, there is a clear goal (G) to be met - you want your model to be approved for display in a store; the student's role (R) is no longer a student, they are transformed into a designer, and they want to win a internship at IKEA Schools. The Situation(S) of the assessment was that the IKEA school asked a group of young designers to come up with a concept/idea for a game, play space or play object/toy/furniture. The final presentation(P) was a shark tank, which is similar to some of our domestic creative investment variety shows, where the CEOs of some companies are invited to be the judges. By assessing the design unit in this way, the students' interest and participation are greatly increased and they will very much look) forward to the final presentation.

 

学生作品时间表 Student work timeline

(G7 Science Unit: Earth Systems, created by Ms. Fritha Jameson)

 

MYP的很多学科评估不是在一节课内完成，而是需要较长一段时间才能完成，因此一份较为详细的时间分布安排及记录对学生来说是非常有必要的。在每个小阶段学生完成相应的任务目标后，学生可以进行自评，然后老师也可以在这张清单上做好相应记录。这个时间表不仅仅能够帮助学生提高自我管理，完成各阶段的具体任务，也可以帮助老师更加清楚地计划教学进度，掌握学生的学习情况。

Many MYP assessments are not completed in one class, but take a longer period of time, so a more detailed timeline is necessary for students. After students have completed the appropriate task objectives for each mini-phase, students can self-assess and then the teacher can also make a note of this list accordingly. This timeline not only helps students to improve their self-management and complete specific tasks at each stage, but also helps our teachers to plan their teaching progress more clearly and keep track of students' learning.

 

三．服务与行动 Service as Action

服务与行动是IB中学项目非常重要的一个因素，它是中学项目教育理念的一部分，也是学生学习的一项实际成果。IB给出了服务行动的七个学习成果，这些学习成果明确了学生对服务行动进行自我反思的实质所在。各学校有责任制定适合自己学校的服务行动计划，使学生有机会参与社会区务。

Service and action is a very important element of the MYP, as part of the programme educational philosophy and as a practicial outcome of student learning. There are seven learning outcomes for Service as Action that clarify the essence of student self-reflection on what they have completed. It is the responsibility of each school to develop a school-appropriate Service as Action plan that gives students the opportunity to participate in community service.

这是SWIS中学部制定的服务与行动学习期待。每个年级有一定服务活动数量要求，以及最低数量的服务行动学习成果要求，在6-10年级这五年中学习成果可以一直积累，直到十年级完成所有的服务行动学习成果为止。

Above are the Service as Action learning expectations that we have developed at SWIS. Each grade level is required certain number of service activities, as well as a minimum number of service action learning outcome. The learning outcomes can be accumulated throughout the five years from grades 6-10 until all service action learning outcomes are completed in grade 10.

 

MYP SERVICE at SWIS

在SWIS，服务与行动有两大类别，一类是课程学习中的服务与行动，就是在单元学习中跟单元学习结合或延伸出来的服务与行动。另一种是跟学科学习联系不是那么紧密的服务与行动，比如课后活动，有一些就是服务类的课后活动。学生可以加入这些服务类的课后活动，组织或参与多种多样的社区服务活动，完成服务行动学习成果。

At SWIS, there are two major categories of Service as Action, one is service as action in curriculum learning, that is, service and action is integrated with or extended from subject learning. The other type is service as action that is not so closely related to subject learning, such as after-school activities(ASA). Students can join these service after-school activities, organize or participate in a variety of community service activities, and complete service action learning outcomes.

 

服务与行动记录To document Service as Action

在实施服务与行动过程中，相信很多学校都比较头疼一点，就是如何追踪记录学生的服务与行动。SWIS设有SA facilitator，负责总体计划、学生总体培训指导、教师PD、家长workshop，然后还有SA supervisor，监督指导服务与行动过程、评价学生SA；另外还有SA advisor负责追踪学生SA记录、对学生学期/学年服务与行动进行评价。这样不同的职责分工，使得学生能够顺利完成服务与行动以及做好各项记录，达到参与社区服务的要求。

In the process of implementing Services as Action, I believe many schools have the issue of how to track and document student experiences. At SWIS, we have a SA facilitator who is responsible for the overall planning, training and guidance for students, launch PD for teachers, and workshops for parents. We also have SA supervisors who oversee the service as action process and evaluate the student's work. The SA advisor is responsible for tracking student SA records and evaluating student services and actions during the semester/year. This division of responsibilities allows students to successfully complete their service as actions and keep records to meet the requirements of community service.

 

MYP课程的实施，需要IB学校一起携手共同努力。希望有更多的IB学校加入CISA协会，通过CISA这一平台，大家一起交流分享实践经验，共同探讨IB课程的实施、发展与完善，助力 IB项目在中华大地落地、生根、发芽。

The implementation of the MYP curriculum requires the joint efforts of IB schools. We hope that more and more IB schools will join CISA, and through the platform of CISA, we can exchange and share practical experiences, discuss the implementation, development and improvement of the IB curriculum, and help the IB program to take root and sprout in China.

 

       

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